There are multiple partition types in computing and it is sometimes common to see all partition types on a single system.
Primary
A primary partition can contain one file system or one logical drive and is sometimes referred to as a volume. The swap file system and the boot partition are normally created in a primary partition.
Extended
An extended partition can contain several file systems, which are referred to as logical drives. There can be only one extended partition, which can be further subdivided. This partition type does not contain any data and has a separate partition table.
Logical
A logical partition is part of a physical drive that has been partitioned and allocated as an independent unit and functions as a separate drive. A logical partition is created within an extended partition, and is therefore a subset of an extended partition. There is no restriction on the number of logical partitions, but it is advisable to limit it to 12 logical partitions per drive.
Sources: Wikipedia